RADIATION & RISK
Bulletin of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Registry
since 1992
About the Journal : 2019 : vol. 28, No. 2 : Risk of developing hematological malignancies in the cohort of the East Urals Radioactive Trace

Risk of developing hematological malignancies in the cohort of the East Urals Radioactive Trace

«Radiation and Risk», 2019, vol. 28, No. 2, pp.36-50

DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2019-28-2-36-50

Authors

Krestinina L.Yu. – Head of Lab., C. Sc., Med. Contacts: 68-a, Vorovsky Str., Chelyabinsk, Russia, 454076. Tel.: +7 (351) 232-79-18; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .
Silkin S.S. – Researcher.
Akleyev A.V. – Director, MD, Prof., Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation.

Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia

Abstract

The article presents the first analysis of risk of developing hematological malignancies and leukemias in the cohort exposed to radiation in the area of the East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT). Explosion of the container in the storage of radioactive wastes at the Mayak PO in 1957 and sedimentation of radioactive substances on adjusted areas caused irradiation of the general public. In 95% of the cohort members the total dose to the red bone marrow was less than 0.5 Gy, average radiation dose was 90 mGy. For 52 years after the accident (1957-2009) 76 hemoblastosis cases were registered in the cohort of 21373 members, among them 37 cases were diagnosed as leukemias including 8 CLL cases. Excess relative risk of developing hematological malignancies in the EURT cohort was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.08; 2.8) per 1 Gy of the total dose to the red bone marrow, as for leukemias incidence there was no statistically significant dose-response relationship. It is important to stress that risk for all cases of hemoblastosis and leukemia detected in the cohort became insignificant and close to 0 after exclusion of 1500 members from the analysis. These people were exposed to radiation in the area adjusted to the Techa river before the accident at the Mayak PO, the dose they got there significantly exceeded the dose got in the EURT area. According to analysis results it is possible to suggest that dose to the red bone marrow got by the public members in the EURT area only is not sufficient to detect statistically significant dose-response relationship, however, statistical power of the study can be increased, if the EURT cohort to be combined with the Techa river cohort.

Key words
East Urals Radioactive Trace, EURT, cohort, hemoblastosis, leukemia, excess relative risk, radiation effects, dose-response relationship, long-continued irradiation.

References

1. Burnazyan А.I. Itogi izucheniya i opyt likvidatsii posledstvy avariynogo zagryazneniya territorii produktami deleniya urana [The results of the study and experience of clean-up operations after accidental contamination of the territory with uranium fission products]. Мoscow, Energoatomizdat, 1990. 144 p.

2. Kostyuchenko V.A., Krestinina L.Y. Long-term irradiation effects in the population evacuated from the East Urals radioactive trace area. Sci. Total Environ., 1994, vol. 142, no. 1-2, рp. 119-125.

3. Bakurov A.S., Romanov G.N., Shein G.P. Dinamika radiatsionnoy obstanovki na territorii Vostochno-Uralskogo radioaktivnogo sleda [Dynamics of radiation situation in the territory of the East-Ural’s radioactive trace]. Voprosy radiatsionnoi bezopasnosti – Issues of Radiation Safety, 1997, no. 4, pp. 68-74.

4. Ecological and health effects of the radiation accident of 1957 at the Mayak PA. Eds.: A.V. Akleyev, M.F. Kiselev. Moscow, “Medbioextrem” Rus. Min. of Health, 2001. 294 p. (In Russian).

5. Akleyev A.V., Kossenko M.M., Krestinina L.Yu., Shalaginov S.A., Degteva M.O., Startsev N.V. Zdorov’ye naseleniya, prozhivayushchego na radioaktivnykh territoriyakh Ural’skogo regiona [Health status of population exposed to environmental Contamination in the Southern Urals]. Moscow, Radekon Publ., 2001. 194 p.

6. Akleyev A.V., Krestinina L.Yu., Konshina L.G., Kossenko M.M., Kostyuchenko V.A., Startcev N.V., Goryacheva L.V. Sostoyanie zdorov’ya naseleniya Chelyabinskoy, Sverdlovskoy I Kurganskoy oblastey, prozhivayushchego na radioaktivnykh territoriyakh Uralskogo regiona [Health status of Population Exposed to environmental contamination in the Southern Urals] /Ed. S.K. Shoygu. Consequences of technogenic radiation exposure and rehabilitation problems of the Ural’s region. Moscow, «Comtekhprint», 2002, Ch. 4.2, pp. 204-237.

7. Krestinina L.Yu., Akleyev A.V. Cancer mortality in EURT cohort members exposed of chronic irradiation with low and intermediate doses. Byulleten` sibirskoj meditsiny – Bulletin of the Siberian Medicine, 2005, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 36-44. (In Russian).

8. Degteva M.O., Tolstykh E.I. Dosy vneshnego I vnutrennego oblucheniya v kogorte Vostochno-Uralskogo radioaktivnogo sleda [External and internal doses in the East Ural’s radioactive trace cohort]. Radioecology genesis, its development and role in radiation safety of the environment and human: proceedings of the scientific conference, 10-12 October 2017. Ozyorsk, 2017, pp. 75-76.

9. Akleyev A.V., Krestinina L.Yu., Degteva M.O., Tolstykh E.I. Consequences of the radiation accident at the Mayak production association in 1957 (the ’Kyshtym Accident’). J. Radiol. Prot., 2017, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 19-42. DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/aa7f8d.

10. Preston D.L., Lubin D.B., Pierce D.A., McConney M.E. Epicure Users Guide. Seattle, WA, Hirosoft International Corporation, 1993.

11. Krestinina L.Y., Davis F.G., Schonfeld S., Preston D.L., Degteva M., Epifanova S., Akleyev A.V. Leukaemia incidence in the Techa River Cohort: 1953-2007. Br. J. Cancer, 2013, vol. 109, no. 11, pp. 2886-2893. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.614.

Full-text article (in Russian)