Evaluation of the operational intervention levels for radiation protection of the public based on the emergency scenarios at Russian nuclear power plants

«Radiation and Risk», 2023, vol. 32, No. 1, pp.36-47

DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2023-32-1-36-47

Authors

Spiridonov S.I. – Chief Researcher, D. Sc., Biol., Prof. Contacts: 109 km, Kievskoe sh., Obninsk, Kaluga region, Russia, 249032. Tel.: +7 (484) 399-69-67; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .
Mikailova R.A. – Researcher
Fesenko S.V. – Chief Researcher, D. Sc., Biol., Prof. RIRAE.
Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk

Abstract

The paper presents a brief analysis of indicators designed to assess the radioecological situation in the acute period after a nuclear accident and to apply protective measures. Authors described an approach to the evaluation of operational intervention levels (OILs) for the protection of the members of the public recommended by the IAEA. The OILs for the indicators “ambient dose rate” and “concentration of ¹³¹I and ¹³⁷Cs” have been calculated based on the emergency scenarios for Russian NPPs. The input data included the information about the radioactive releases to the atmosphere due to design-based and beyond design-based accidents at NPPs with reactors VVER-1000, VVER-1200, RBMK-1000 and BN-800. The excess in the calculated "monitoring" operational intervention levels means the exceeding the dose criteria for protecting the public, which requires the implementation of protective measures. The generalization of the OILs calculated for each emergency scenario on a conservative basis resulted in an establishment of generalized (unified) OILs. The values of the latter differ from the values of similar indicators recommended by the IAEA, which is due to the specific nature of the radionuclide composition of releases from beyond design basis accidents at sodium-cooled BN-800 reactors. The paper shows the significance of the OILs established in the first period after the accident based on data on actual accidental releases using the appropriate calculation tools. The conclusion is that it is necessary to consider accident scenarios for all types of reactors when calculating generalized OILs for Russian NPPs.

Key words
nuclear power plants, nuclear emergency scenarios, operational intervention levels, radionuclide releases, public exposure dose, protective measures, radioecological monitoring, ambient dose rate, concentration of radionuclides in food products, fast breeder reactors.

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