The role of major transport ways in dissemination the Chernobyl radionuclides, involved in the absorbed dose formation in thyroid gland

"Radiation and Risk" 1997. Vol. 10, pp.85-95

Authors

Parshkov E.M., Tsyb A.F., Sokolov V.A., Shakhtarin V.V., Chebotareva I.V., Pyzhik V.M., Dallas Ch.1, Orlov M.Yu.2, Snykov V.P.2, Khvalensky Yu.A.2
Medical Radiological Research Center of RAMS, Obninsk, Russia
1College of Pharmacy, the University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
2Scientific-Production Association “TYPHOON”, Obninsk, Russia

Abstract

The paper presents the analysis of distribution of thyroid cancer cases in children and adolescents over the territory of Bryansk oblast as well as the analysis of factors influencing formation of the absorbed dose in thyroid gland after the Chernobyl accident. A special attention is paied to the role of major transport ways in radionuclides migration. The majority of thyroid cancers was found to occur in inhabitants of settlements situated near from the main railways and motor roads irrespective of mean levels of radioactive contamination of territories. Possible mechanisms underlying dispersion of radionuclides by transportation means are discussed. Predictions have been made and activities are proposed on further research and medical examination of population groups at risk formed with consideration of “transportation factor”.

Key words
Thyroid cancer, in children and adolescents, the territory of the Bryansk region, Chernobyl NPP, absorbed dose, transfer of radionuclides, the concentration of cancer cases, the level of contamination of the territory, projected estimates, the survey of risk groups.

References

1. Gavrilin Yu.I., Gordeev K.I., Ivanov V.K. and others. Features and results of determining doses of internal exposure of the thyroid gland to the population of contaminated areas of the Republic of Belarus. Bulletin of the Academy of Medical Sciences. 1992. No. 2. PP. 33-43.

2. Hoffman J. Chernobyl accident: radiation consequences for the present and future generations. Trans. from English E.I. Volmyansky, O.A. Volmyanskaya. Minsk: Higher School, 1994. p. 574.

3. Data on radioactive contamination of settlements of the RSFSR with cesium-137 and strontium-90 (as of June 1989). M .: Moscow Branch Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1989.

4. Data on radioactive contamination of the territory of the Russian Federation 137Cs, 239+240Pu. Radiation and risk. 1993. Vol. 3, Appendix 1.

5. Demidchik E.P., Tsyb A.F., Lushnikov E.F. and others. Cancer of the thyroid gland in children (consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant). M .: Medicine Publ. 1996. p. 208.

6. Ivanov V.K., Tsyb A.F., Matveenko E.G., Parshkov E.M. and others. Radiation epidemiology of cancer and non-cancer diseases of the thyroid gland in Russia after the Chernobyl disaster: a forecast and risk assessment. Radiation and risk. 1995. Special issue number 1.

7. Ilyichev S.I., Kosterev V.V., Kryuchkov V.P. and others. Patterns of formation of external exposure doses to liquidators. Nuclear energy. 1996. No. 6. PP. 71-74.

8. Makhonko K.P., Kozlova E.G., Volokitin A.A. Dynamics of radioiodine accumulation on soil and reconstruction from its radiation on the territory contaminated after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Radiation and risk. 1996. Vol. 7. P. 140-191.

9. Medical consequences of the Chernobyl accident. Results of AIFECA pilot projects and related national programs. Scientific Report. Ed. G.N. Sushkevich, A.F. Cyb. Geneva: WHO, 1996.

10. Olkhovin Yu.A. Evaluation of the effectiveness of work on dust suppression. Chernobyl disaster. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1995. p. 348-350.

11. Orlov M.Yu., Snykov VP, Khvalensky Yu.A., Volokitin A.A. Soil contamination with iodine-131 after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Nuclear energy. 1996. No. 6. PP. 51-60.

12. Parshkov E.M., Sokolov V.A., Chebotareva I.V. Comparative analysis of approaches to the selection and assessment of dose-forming factors of radiation exposure on the thyroid gland after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Third Congress on Radiation Research, Radiobiology, radioecology, radiation safety. Moscow, October 14-17, 1997 Pushchino, 1997. Vol. 1. PP. 156-257.

13. Pitkevich V.A., Khvostunov I.K., Shishkanov N.G. The effect of the 131 I fallout dynamics due to the accident at the Chernobyl NPP on the value of absorbed doses in the thyroid gland for residents of the Bryansk and Kaluga regions of Russia. Radiation and risk. 1996. Vol. 7. PP. 192-215.

14. Attorney A.M., Shinkarkina A.P., Vinogradova Yu.E., Bezyaeva G.P., Podgorodnichenko V.K., Tsyb A.F. Probable consequences of damage by radioactive iodine of the thyroid gland during the Chernobyl accident. Radiation biology. Radioecology. 1996. T. 36, Vol. 4. pp. 632-640.

15. Sobotovich E.V., Bondarenko G.N. Measures to reduce the migration of radionuclides and their assessment . Chernobyl disaster. Kiev: Naukova Dumka, 1995. pp. 345-348.

16. Statistical compilation: Distribution of the population by age and sex (according to the data of the All-Union Population Census of January 12, 1989). Bryansk, 1990.

17. Stepanenko V.F., Tsyb A.F., Gavrilin Yu.I. et al. Thyroid doses to the Russian population as a result of the Chernobyl accident (retrospective analysis). Radiation and risk. 1996. Vol. 7. PP. 225-245.

18. Physical quantities. Directory. M .: Energoatomizdat, 1991.

19. Tsyb A.F., Parshkov E.M. The results of long-term monitoring of the condition of the pituitary thyroid system in children and adolescents. Problems of mitigation of the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster: Proceedings of the international seminar. Part 2. Bryansk, 1993. pp. 243-246.

20. Abelin T., Averkin J.I., Okeanov A.E., Bleuer J.P. Thyroid cancer in Belarus: The epidemiological situation. The radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident: Proceedings of the first international conference. Minsk, Belarus, 12-22 March 1996/EUR 16544 EN/Brussels, Luxemburg, 1996. PP. 727-730.

21. Archer A., Barratt R.S. Lead levels in Birmingham dust. Sci. Total Environ. 1986. Vol. 6. PP. 275-286.

22. Contamination of surfaces by resuspended materials. Experimental collaboration project, final report/Eds. Hollander W., Garger E. EUR 16525. Luxemburg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996.

23. Drozdovitch V.V., Goulko G.M., Minenko V.F. et al. Thyroid dose reconstruction for the population of Belarus after the Chernobyl accident. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 1997. Vol. 36. PP. 17-23.

24. Duggan M.J., Inskip M.J. Childhood exposure to lead in the surface dust and soil: a community health problem. Public Health Rev. 1985. Vol. 13. PP. 1-54.

25. Douven W., Scholten H.J. Spatial analysis in health research. The Added Value of Geographical Information System in Public and Environmental Health/Eds. M.J.C. de Lepper, H.J.Scholten and R.M.Stern. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994. PP. 117-133.

26. Fergusson J.E., Forbes E.A., Schroeder R.J., Ryan D.E. The elemental composition and sources of house dust and street dust. Sci. Total Environ. 1986. Vol. 50. P. 217-221.

27. Harrison R.M. Toxic metals in street and household dusts. Sci. Total Environ. 1979. Vol. 11. P. 89-97.

28. Hunt J., Jonson D.L., Thornton I., Watt J.M. Appor- tioning the sources of lead in house dusts in the London borough of Richmond, England. The Science of the Total Environment. 1993. Vol. 138. P. 183-206.

29. Kazakov V.S., Demidchik E.P., Astakhova L.N. Thy- roid cancer after Chernobyl. Nature. 1992. V. 359. P. 21.

30. Likhtarev I.A., Sobolev B.G., Kairo I.A. et al. Thyroid cancer in the Ukraine. Nature. 1995. V. 375. P. 365.

31. Motto J., Daines R., Chilko D., Motto C. Lead in soils and plants: Its relationship to traffic volume and proximity to highways. Envir. Sci. Technol. 1970. Vol. 4, No. 3. PP. 231-237.

32. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Risk estimates for radiation protection. Bethesda, Maryland: NCRP. NCRP Report № 115, 1993.

33. Nuttall N. Electricity lines are magnes for toxic pollution. The Times, February 14, 1996.

34. Paile W., Saloma S. Radiogenic thyroid cancer in Belarus: Fact or fiction. J. Radiol. Prot. 1994. Vol. 14, No. 3. PP. 265-269.

35. Parshkov E.M., Shakhtarin V.V., Chebotareva I.V. et al. Thyroid cancer in children and adolescents of Bryansk and Kaluga regions. The radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident: Proceedings of the first international conference. Minsk, Belarus, 12-22 March 1996/EUR 16544 EN/Brussels, Luxemburg, 1996. PP. 691-697.

36. Parshkov E., Chebotareva I. Additional Dose-Forming Factor in the Thyroid Gland after Chernobyl Station Disaster. International Conference on Radiation and Health. Beer Sheva, Israel, 3-7 November 1996. P. 51.

37. Ramzaev P.V., Kacevich A.I., Kacevich N.A. et al. Dynamics of population exposure and public health in the Bryansk region after the Chernobyl accident. Nagasaki Symposium Radiation and Human Health. Eds. S.Nagataki, S.Yamashita. 1996. PP. 15-29.

38. Takishima T., Nakamura M., Sasaki M. et al. Inhalation of road dust by human subjects. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1987. Vol. 136. PP. 1278-80.

39. Teichman J., Coltrin D., Prouty K., Bir W. A survey of lead contamination in soil along Interstate 880, Alameda County, California. Am. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 1993. Vol. 54, No. 9. PP. 557-559.

40. Westlake A. Strategies for the use of geography in epidemiological analysis. The Added Value of Geographical Information System in Public and Environ- mental Health/Eds. M.J.C. de Lepper, H.J.Scholten and R.M.Stern. The Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994. PP. 135-144.

41. Yamaya M., Zayasu K., Fukushima T. et al. Inhalation of road dust by residents in polluted areas. Archives of Environ. Health. 1992. Vol. 47. PP. 131-134.

42. Zvonova I.A., Balonov M.I. Radioiodine dosimetry and prediction of consequences of thyroid exposure of the Russian population following the Chernobyl accident. The Chernobyl papers, vol. 1/Eds. Merwin S.E., Balonov M.I. Washington: Research Enterprises, Inc., 1993. PP. 71-125.

Full text article (in Russian)