Effect of transcranial laser exposure on conditioned-reflex activity of rats

«Radiation and Risk», 2019, vol. 28, No. 2, pp.134-144

DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2019-28-2-134-144

Authors

Zhavoronkov L.P. – Head of Lab., MD.
Kolganova O.I. – Senior Researcher, C. Sc., Biol. Contacts: 4 Korolyov str., Obninsk, Kaluga region, Russia, 249036. Tel.: (484) 399-71-38; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .
Izmestyeva O.S. – Lead. Researcher, C. Sc., Biol.
Pavlova L.N. – Lead. Researcher, C. Sc., Med.
Glushakova V.S. – Research Assistant.
Panferova T.A. – Research Assistant.

A. Tsyb MRRC, Obninsk, Russia

Abstract

Growing interest in the use of near-infrared laser radiation for the treatment of numerous neurological disorders exists. However the safety of transcranial laser therapy is studied insufficiently. The optimal parameters of low level laser therapy are still discussed. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible short- and long-term effects of a single or fivefold transcranial laser irradiation of the rat brain (wavelength 890 nm, the pulse duration was 100 ns) on the conditioned-reflex activity of Wistar rat males. Two radiation schedules were used: schedule 1 – impulse frequency 2500 Hz, the output power – 0.7 mW or 1.5 mW; schedule 2 – impulse frequency 10000 Hz, output power – 1.7 mW or 5.0 mW. One hundred and sixty-seven rats were used in the study. Cognitive functions of the rats were tested with the use of the shuttle-box avoidance method. Small transient effect stimulating cognitive function of rats has been registered after daily 15-minutes exposure to 10000 Hz (output power of 5 mW) during 5 days, however this effect had transient character. No essential differences in behavior of experimental and false irradiated control animals are registered after the use of other exposure schedules. According to obtained data one can say that intracranial exposure of rats to near-infrared laser radiation of used frequencies and output power does not produce stimulating effect on their higher nervous activity.

Key words
Wistar rats, laser radiation, low-level, different frequencies of radiation, transcranial exposure, single or fivefold exposure, brain cognitive function, avoidance conditioned reflex, Shuttle-box.

References

1. Adey W.R. Neurophysiologic effects of radiofrequency and microwave radiation. Bull. N.Y. Acad. Med., 1979, vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 1079-1093.

2. Kaplan M.A., Zhavoronkov L.P., Krivosheev Ya.V., Lagoda T.S., Filimonova M.V., Izmestieva O.S., Imestiev V.I. Biological effects of the low-intensive laser of the near infrared range. Radiatsionnaya biologiya. Radioekologiya – Radiation Biology. Radioecology, 1999, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 701-706. (In Russian).

3. Sharma S.K., Kharkwal G.B., Sajo M., Huang Y.Y., De Taboada L., McCarthy T., Hamblin M.R. Dose response effect of 810 nm laser light on mouse primary cortical neurons. Lasers Surg. Med., 2011, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 851-859.

4. Hashmi J.T., Huang Y.Y., Sharma S.K., Kurup D.B., De Taboada L., Carrol J.D., Hamblin M.R. Effect of pulsing in low-level light therapy. Lasers Surg. Med., 2010, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 450-466.

5. Rojas J.C., Gonzales-Lima F. Neurological and psychological applications of transcranial lasers and LEDSs. Biochem. Pharmacol., 2013, vol. 86, no. 4, pp. 447-457.

6. Deryugina A.V., Sidey C.R., Ivashchenko M.N., Ignatyev P.S., Koryagin A.S. The leukocyte blood formula under low-level laser irradiation and simulated stress).Lasernaya meditsina – Laser Medicine, 2017, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 46-49. (In Russian).

7. Gigo-Benato D., Russo T.L., Tanaka E.N., Assis L., Salvini T.F., Parizotto N.A. Effects of 660 and 780 nm low-level therapy on neuromuscular recovery after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve. Lasers Surg. Med., 2010, vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 673-682.

8. Wu X., Alberico S.L., Moges H., De Taboada l., Tedford C.E., Anders J.J. Pulsed light irradiation improves behavioral outcome in a rat model of chronic mild stress. Lasers Surg. Med., 2012, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 227-232.

9. Navakatikyan M.A. A method for studying the defensive conditioned reflexes of active avoidance. Zhurnal vysshey nervnoy deyatel'nosti – Journal of Higher Nervous Activity, 1992, vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 812-818. (In Russian).

10. Zhavoronkov L.P. Osnovy prikladnoy medico-biologicheskoy statistiki: uchebnoye posobiye. Izdaniye 2-ye, ispravlennoye i dopolnennoye [Fundamentals of applied biomedical statistics: a trained manual. 2nd edition, revised and enlarged]. Obninsk, FSBI MRRC of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 2014. 68 p.

11. Oron A., Oron U., Chen J., Eilam A., Zhang C., Saden M., Lampl Y., Streeter J., De Taboada L., Chopp M. Low-level laser therapy applied transcranially to rats after induction of stroke significantly reduces longterm neurological deficits. Stroke, 2006, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 2620-2624.

12. Oron A., Oron U., Streeter J., De Taboada L., Alexandrovich A., Trembovler V., Shohami E. Near infrared transcranial laser therapy applied at various modes to mice following traumatic brain injury significantly reduces long-term neurological deficits. J. Neurotrauma, 2012, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 401-407.

13. Naeser M.A., Saltmarche A., Krengel M.H., Hamblin M.R., Knight J.A. Improved cognitive function after transcranial, light-emitting diode treatments in chronic, traumatic brain injury: two case report. Photomed. Laser Surg., 2011, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 351-358.

14. Barret D.W., Gonzales-Lima F. Transcranial infrared laser stimulation produces beneficial cognitive and emotional effects in humans. Neuroscience, 2013, vol. 230, pp. 13-23.

15. Gonzales-Lima F., Barret D.W. Augmentation of cognitive brain functions with transcranial lasers. Front. Syst. Neurosci, 2014, vol. 8, pp. 36-43.

16. Vargas E., Barret D.W., Saucedo C.L., Huanq L.D., Abraham J.A., Tanaka Y., Gonzales-Lima F. Beneficial neurocognitive effects of transcranial laser in older adults. Lasers Med. Sci., 2017, vol. 3, no. 5, pp. 1153-1162.

Full-text article (in Russian)