Adaptive response as a criterion for assessing individual human radiosensitivity. Review

«Radiation and Risk», 2022, vol. 31, No. 1, pp.93-104

DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-1-93-104

Authors

Kogarko I.N. – Lead. Researcher, MD
Petushkova V.V. – Lead. Specialist, C. Sc., Econ. Contacts: 4 Kosygin str., Moscow, 119991, Russia. Tel: +7(495) 939-72-73; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .
Neyfakh E.A. – Sen. Researcher, C. Sc., Biol.
Kogarko B.S. – Sen. Researcher, C. Sc., Phys.-Math.
Ktitorova O.V. – Researcher, C. Sc., Biol.
Ganeev I.I. – Research Engineer. FRCCP RAS.
Akleev A.V. – Director of URCRM, MD, Prof. CSU.
Kuzmina N.S. – Sen. Researcher, D. Sc., Biol. FRCCP RAS, VIGG.
Selivanova E.I. – Sen. Researcher, C. Sc., Biol. FRCCP RAS, NMRRC.
¹ N.N. Semyonov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, RAS, Moscow
² Urals Research Center of Radiation Medicine, FMBA RF, Chelyabinsk
³ Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk
⁴ Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, RAS, Moscow
⁵ National Medical Research Radiological Center, Ministry of Health of the RF, Moscow

Abstract

Most studies of radioadaptive response (RAR) in vivo have revealed its effective induction both by chronic and single irradiation of a human organism with low doses. The classical way of the formation of RAR on the human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) was noted as in occupationally irradiated personnel as in residents of areas with increased natural or man-made accidental high background radiation. In some studies, the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident and children living in the Chernobyl pollution zone showed the phenomenon of increasing the radiosensitivity of PBL. A comparative analysis of the influence of two types of radiation (Gama and Beta) with close RBE showed comparable effectiveness to induce an adaptive response in human PBL in the mode of chronic exposure in the long term. Evidence of RAR in vivo was also obtained in the study of DNA end-points and chromo-somal damage. In an experiment with the effect on neutrophils of peripheral blood of the elderly people (age 63-84 years) induced by acute Gama-rays in a wide range of doses (0.1; 0.25; 1; 4 and 10 Gy) the greatest radioresistance of their phagocytic and lysosomal activity is shown. Gamma-rays at low doses (0.1 Gy) stimulated the formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils in vitro using activated pyrogen (Pyrogernalum). The article presents some mechanisms of RAR in vivo. The study of radioadaptive response should be considered as an indispensable factor for assessing and con-trolling individual human radiosensitivity.

Key words
radioadaptive response, ionizing radiation, peripheral blood lymphocytes, Chernobyl accident, radiosensitivity, occupational irradiation, cellular mechanisms of radioresistancey.

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